Which of the following is NOT a main action of electronic warfare?

• A. Attack
• B. Defence
• C. Surveillance
• D. Frequency Hopping

Answer: (D)

Electronic warfare is organized around three broad actions: attacking the enemy’s systems, defending our own systems, and surveilling to understand the enemy’s emissions. Attacking is about degrading or denying the adversary’s radar, communications, or sensors. Surveillance involves listening to and locating emitters to gain intelligence on threat activity. Defense focuses on protecting and maintaining our own capabilities in the face of EW, including anti-jamming measures and resilience.

Frequency hopping is a technique used to counter interference by rapidly changing the carrier frequency, which helps keep communications and sensors usable in a contested environment. It’s a specific method employed within the defense/assurance side of EW, rather than one of the principal action categories itself. So, while useful, frequency hopping isn’t considered a main action of electronic warfare, which is why it’s the correct answer.